Overview

  • Founded Date April 28, 1987
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Company Description

Baidu World Technology Conference (Press Release).

Baidu, Inc. (/ ˈbaɪduː/ BY-doo; Chinese: 百度; pinyin: Bǎidù; lit. ‘hundred times’) is a Chinese multinational innovation business specializing in Internet services and expert system. It holds a dominant position in China’s online search engine market (by means of Baidu Search), and supplies a variety of other internet services such as Baidu App (Baidu’s flagship app for search and newsfeed), Baidu Baike (an online encyclopedia), iQIYI (a video streaming service), and Baidu Tieba (a keyword-based conversation online forum).

Besides its core internet search business, Baidu has actually diversified into numerous high-growth areas. The company is a leading player in self-governing driving (Baidu Apollo), [3] and wise customer electronic devices (Xiaodu). [4] With over a years of financial investment in artificial intelligence, Baidu is among the few tech business worldwide to use a full-stack AI stack, consisting of software, chips, cloud facilities, structure designs, and applications. [5]

The holding business of the group is incorporated in the Cayman Islands. [2] Baidu was integrated in January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. Baidu has origins in RankDex, an earlier online search engine established by Robin Li in 1996, before he established Baidu in 2000. [6] The business is headquartered in Beijing’s Haidian District. [7]

In December 2007, Baidu ended up being the first Chinese company to be included in the NASDAQ-100 index. [8] As of May 2018, Baidu’s market cap increased to US$ 99 billion. [9] [10] [11] In October 2018, Baidu became the first Chinese firm to join the United States-based computer system ethics consortium Partnership on AI. [12] During the 2020s, Baidu has actually significantly concentrated on generative AI associated products. [13]

The Chinese federal government views Baidu as one of its national champ corporations. [14]:156 -157

Early advancement

In 1994, Robin Li (Pinyin: Li Yanhong, Chinese: 李彦宏) signed up with IDD Information Services, a New Jersey division of Dow Jones and Company, where he helped develop software for the online edition of The Wall Street Journal. [15] He likewise dealt with developing better algorithms for search engines and remained at IDD Information Services from May 1994 to June 1997.

In 1996, while at IDD, Li established the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for online search engine results page ranking [6] [16] [17] and got an US patent for the innovation. [18] Launched in 1996, [6] RankDex was the first online search engine that utilized links to determine the quality of sites it was indexing. [19] Li described his search system as “link analysis,” which included ranking the popularity of a web website based upon how many other websites had actually connected to it. [20] It preceded the comparable PageRank algorithm utilized by Google 2 years later on in 1998; [21] Google creator Larry Page referenced Li’s work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for PageRank. [6] [21] [22] Li later utilized his RankDex innovation for the Baidu online search engine.

Baidu was incorporated on 18 January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. [7] In 2001, Baidu allowed marketers to bid for advertisement area then pay Baidu whenever a consumer clicked an advertisement, preceding Google’s technique to advertising. [20] In 2003, Baidu launched a news search engine and photo search engine, adopting a special recognition innovation efficient in identifying and organizing the articles. [23]

2005: Public Listing on NASDAQ

Baidu went public on Wall Street through a variable interest entity (VIE) based in the Cayman Islands on 5 August 2005. [24]

In 2007, Chinese government and Chinese industry sources stated that Baidu got a license from Beijing, which enables the search engine to become a full-fledged news website. Thus Baidu is able to offer its own reports, besides revealing certain results as a search engine. Baidu was the very first Chinese search engine to get such a license. [25]

Baidu began its Japanese language search service, run by Baidu Japan, the business’s very first routine service outside of China in 2008. [26] The Japanese online search engine closed on 16 March 2015. [27]

On 31 July 2012, Baidu announced that it would team up with Sina to supply mobile search outcomes. [28]

On 18 November 2012, Baidu revealed that it would be partnering with Qualcomm to use complimentary cloud storage to Android users with Snapdragon processors. [29]

On 2 August 2013, Baidu launched its Personal Assistant app, developed to help CEOs, managers and the white-collar workers handle their service relationships. [30]

On 16 May 2014, Baidu designated Dr. Andrew Ng as primary scientist. Dr. Ng will lead Baidu Research in Silicon Valley and Beijing. [31]

On 18 July 2014, the business launched a Brazilian version of the search engine, Baidu Busca. [32]

On 9 October 2014, Baidu announced acquisition of Brazilian local e-commerce site Peixe Urbano. [33]

2017: Launch of Autonomous Driving Business

In April 2017, Baidu announced the launch of its Apollo task (Apolong), a self-driving automobile platform, in a quote to help drive the advancement of autonomous cars and trucks including car platform, hardware platform, open-source software application platform and cloud data services. [34] Baidu plans to release this task in July 2017, before slowly presenting fully self-governing driving capabilities on highways and open city roads by 2020. [35] In September 2017, Baidu launched a $1.5 billion self-governing driving fund to buy as numerous as 100 self-governing driving tasks over the taking place 3 years. [36] At the exact same time, Apollo open-source software application variation 1.5 was also introduced. [37]

In June 2017, Baidu partnered with Continental and Bosch, vehicle market providers, on automated driving and linked cars and trucks. [38]

In July 2017, Baidu GBU participated in a collaboration with Snap Inc. to function as the company’s official advertisement reseller for Snapchat in Greater China, South Korea, Japan and Singapore. [39] The collaboration was extended in 2019. [40]

In September 2017, Baidu presented a new portable talking translator that can listen and speak in several different languages. Smaller than a normal smartphone, the 140-gram translation device can also be used as a portable Wi-Fi router and has the ability to run on networks in 80 nations. It is still under development. Baidu will also be inserting synthetic intelligence (AI) innovation into smart devices, through its deep knowing platform. [41] [42] At the same duration, it has actually likewise led a joint investment of US$ 12billion with Alibaba Group, Tencent, JD.com and Didi Chuxing, getting 35% of China Unicom’s stakes. [43] [44] [45]

In October 2017, according to The Wall Street Journal, Baidu would launch self-driving buses in China in 2018. [46] [47] In the same month, Baidu revealed that its very first annual Baidu World technology conference (Bring AI to Life) would be held and live-streamed on 16 November 2017, at China World Summit Wing and Kerry Hotel, bringing together Baidu executives, employees, partners, designers, and media to discuss the company’s mission and method, technology breakthroughs, brand-new item developments, and its open artificial-intelligence (AI) community. [48]

China’s government designated Baidu as one of its “AI champs” in 2018. [49]:281

In 2018, Baidu divested the “Global DU service” part of its abroad service, which developed a series of energy apps including ES File Explorer, DU Caller, Mobojoy, Photo Wonder and DU Recorder, and so on. [50] This service now runs separately of Baidu under the name DO Global. [51]

2021: Hong Kong Secondary Listing

In March 2021, Baidu secured a secondary listing on the Hong Kong Stock market, raising $3.1 billion. This marked the largest homecoming for a U.S.-traded Chinese business in Hong Kong because JD.com’s listing the previous June.

In August 2021 Baidu revealed a brand-new Robocar idea said to be efficient in Level 5 self-governing driving. [52] It also comes with the current second-generation AI chip that can evaluate the internal and external surroundings to supply predictive ideas to proactively serve the requirements of passengers.

In June 2022, Jidu Auto, an intelligent electric lorry company initially backed by Baidu and Geely unveiled its very first principle ROBO-01 in the form of a pre-production car. The ROBO-01 trips on the Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA) platform, a modular electrical lorry platform developed by Geely Holding. [53]

In August 2023, Baidu revealed its ChatGPT-equivalent language model Ernie Bot publicly. [54] In October 2023, Baidu launched a newer version Ernie 4.0 chatbot. [55]

As of April 2024, Apollo Go, Baidu’s autonomous ride-hailing service, had actually finished 6 million trips utilizing driverless robotaxis across 11 cities. The service runs a fleet of over 400 driverless cars in Wuhan. [56]

Domain redirection attack

On 12 January 2010, Baidu.com’s DNS records in the United States were transformed such that web browsers to baidu.com were rerouted to a website claiming to be the Iranian Cyber Army, believed to lag the attack on Twitter throughout the 2009 Iranian election demonstrations, making the appropriate site unusable for 4 hours. [57] Internet users were consulted with a page stating “This site has been attacked by Iranian Cyber Army”. [58] Chinese hackers later responded by assaulting Iranian websites and leaving messages. [59] Baidu later launched legal action against Register.com for gross carelessness after it was exposed that Register.com’s technical support personnel changed the email address for Baidu.com on the request of an unnamed person, despite failing security confirmation procedures. Once the address had actually been changed, the individual was able to use the forgotten password feature to have Baidu’s domain passwords sent out straight to them, allowing them to accomplish the domain hijacking. [60] [61] The claim was settled out of court under undisclosed terms after Register.com issued an apology. [62]

Baidu workers arrested

On 6 August 2012, the BBC reported that 3 staff members of Baidu were apprehended on suspicion that they accepted bribes. The allurements were presumably spent for erasing posts from the forum service. Four people were fired in connection with these arrests. [63]

91 Wireless acquisition

On 16 July 2013, Baidu announced its intent to acquire 91 Wireless from NetDragon. 91 Wireless is best understood for its app store, however it has actually been reported that the app shop faces personal privacy and other legal problems. [64] On 14 August 2013, Baidu announced that its entirely owned subsidiary Baidu (Hong Kong) Limited has signed a conclusive merger agreement to acquire 91 Wireless Web-soft Limited from NetDragon Web-soft Inc. [65] for$1.85 billion in what was reported to be the greatest deal ever in China’s IT sector. [66]

Name

The name Baidu (百度) literally suggests “a hundred times”, or alternatively, “numerous times”. It is a quote from the last line of Xin Qiji’s (辛弃疾) classical poem “Green Jade Table in The Lantern Festival” (青玉案 · 元夕) saying: “Having browsed hundreds of times in the crowd, unexpectedly turning back, she exists in the dimmest candlelight.” (众里寻他千百度, 蓦然回首, 那人却在灯火阑珊处 。) [67] [68]

Services

Qunar (Qunar Cayman Islands Limited), travel-booking service managed by Baidu. As of 2013, Qunar had 31.4 million active users and raised $167 Million at its going public that year. [69] It is noted at NASDAQ. [70]
Advertisements

Baidu’s primary advertising item is called Baidu Tuiguang and resembles Google Ads and AdSense. It is a pay per click marketing platform that permits marketers to have their advertisements displayed in Baidu search results pages and on other websites that become part of Baidu Union. However, Baidu’s search engine result are likewise based on payments by advertisers. This has actually prompted criticism and hesitation among Chinese users, with People’s Daily commenting in 2018 on problems regarding dependability of Baidu outcomes. Often as many as the very first two pages of search engine result tend to be paid marketers. [71]

Baidu sells its marketing items by means of a network of resellers. [72] Baidu’s web administrative tools are all in Chinese, making it tough for non-Chinese speakers to use. In 2012, a third-party business established a tool with an interface in English for marketing on Baidu. [73] [74] Advertisers on Baidu should have a registered company address either in China or in specified East Asian countries. [75]

Competition

Baidu [76] competes with Sogou, Google Search, 360 Search (www.so.com), Yahoo! China, Microsoft’s Bing and MSN Messenger, Sina, NetEase’s Youdao and PaiPai, Alibaba’s Taobao, TOM Online, DuckDuckGo, and EachNet.

Baidu is the most pre-owned search engine in China, controlling 76.05 percent of China’s market share. The variety of Internet users in China had reached 705 million by the end of 2015, according to a report by the internetlivestats.com. [77]

In an August 2010 Wall Street Journal short article, [78] Baidu played down its advantage from Google’s having moved its China search service to Hong Kong, however Baidu’s share of profits in market grew six portion points in the second quarter to 70%, according to Beijing-based research company Analysys International.

It is also obvious that Baidu is attempting to go into the Internet social media network market. Since 2011 [update], it is talking about the possibility of working with Facebook, which would result in a Chinese version of the global social media, managed by Baidu. [79] This strategy, if performed, would face off Baidu with competition from the three popular Chinese socials media Qzone, Renren [80] and Kaixin001 [81] as well as induce competition with instant-messaging giant, Tencent QQ. [82]

On 22 February 2012, Hudong sent a complaint to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce requesting an evaluation of the behavior of Baidu, implicating it of being monopolistic. [83]

By August 2014, Baidu’s search market share in China dropped to 56.3%, where Qihoo 360, its closest competitor who has actually rebranded its search engine as so.com, has actually increased its market share to 29.0%, according to report from CNZZ.com. [84]

In February 2015, Baidu was declared to have utilized anticompetitive strategies in Brazil versus the Brazilian online security firm PSafe and Qihoo 360 (the biggest financier of PSafe). [85] [86]

In a continuous competitors in AI natural language processing called General Language Understanding Evaluation, otherwise called GLUE, Baidu took a lead over Microsoft and Google in December 2019. [87]

Research and patents

Baidu has begun to invest in deep learning research study and is integrating brand-new deep learning technology into some of its apps and products, including Phoenix Nest. Phoenix Nest is Baidu’s ad-bidding platform. [88]

In April 2012 Baidu JDC long live gotten a patent for its “DNA copyright recognition” technology. This technology immediately scans files that are uploaded by Internet users, and acknowledges and strains content that might violate copyright law. This allows Baidu to provide an infringement-free platform. [89] [90]

In April 2022, Baidu announced they got authorizations from China to offer the very first driverless taxis. The business aim to offer driverless ride-hailing services to the general public and have 10 autonomous cars and trucks set to begin offering rides to passengers within a 23-square-mile area in suburban start beginning 28 April 2022. [91]

In July 2022, Baidu unveiled the Apollo RT6, a driverless lorry that is prepared to sign up with Baidu’s driverless fleet in 2023. [92]

According to the China Digital Times, Baidu has a long history of being the most active and limiting online censor in the search arena. Documents dripped in April 2009 from an employee in Baidu’s internal tracking and censorship department reveal a long list of obstructed sites and censored topics on Baidu search. [93]

In May 2011, activists took legal action against Baidu in the United States for violating the U.S. Constitution by the censorship it carries out in accord with the demand of the Chinese federal government. [94] A U.S. judge has ruled [95] that the Chinese online search engine Baidu can obstruct works from its query results under flexibility of speech rights, dismissing a lawsuit that looked for to punish the company. [96] [97]

In 2017, Baidu began collaborating with the Chinese Ministry of Public Security as well as 372 Internet police departments to spot info associated to “anti-government rumors” and then flooding “Baidu-linked website, news websites and gadgets with informs dispelling false information.” [98] This was done using natural language processing, huge information and expert system. [98]

As part of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese regulators instructed Baidu, in addition to other Internet business, to “conduct unique supervision” on news and details associated to the disease. [99]

In November 2022, Sustainalytics downgraded Baidu to “non-compliant” with the United Nations Global Compact principles due to complicity with censorship. [100]

Controversies

Death of Wei Zexi

In 2016, Baidu’s P4P search engine result apparently contributed to the death of a student who attempted an experimental cancer treatment he found online. The 21-year-old university student was called Wèi Zéxī (魏则西), who studied in Xidian University. Wei was identified with synovial sarcoma, an uncommon kind of cancer. He found the Second Hospital of the Beijing Armed Police Corps (武警北京市总队第二医院) through the search engine Baidu, on which the medical facility had been promoting itself. [101] The treatment showed not successful and Wèi died in April 2016. [101]

After Wei’s household invested around 200,000 yuan (around US$ 31,150) for treatment in the health center, Wei Zexi died on 12 April 2016. The event set off enormous online conversations after Wei’s death. [102] On 2 May 2016, Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), the top guard dog for China’s Internet area, dispatched a team of detectives to Baidu. [103] The case is still continuous. One report declared medical marketing makes up for 30% of Baidu’s advertisement revenue, much of which originates from for-profit health centers that belong to the “Putian Network”, a collection of healthcare facilities across the nation established by medical entrepreneurs connected with the Putian area of Fujian province. [104] The examination led Chinese regulators to impose several restrictions on Baidu, consisting of adding disclaimers to promotional content and establishing channels for complaints about Baidu services. [105] In addition, Baidu’s search function now largely directs users to contents published on platforms under Baidu’s control, leading Chinese media scholar Fang Kecheng to proclaim that “Search engine Baidu is dead”. [106]

Commercialization of Tieba

Baidu sold the hemophilia online neighborhood, among the communities of Tieba, to unqualified health centers. In January 2016, Baidu announced that it will stop offering all of its illness-related Tieba. [107] On 12 January, Baidu officially revealed to the public that all Baidu Tieba for all kinds of illness will entirely stop commercial cooperation and will just be open to reliable public well-being organizations. In action to Baidu’s choice, Lin Jinlong, president of the Hunan Medical and Health Industry Association, stated that personal hospitals have gotten in a period of industry transformation and updating, and are neither based on posting bar advertisements nor counting on competitive rankings any longer, so Baidu’s decision will not have a negative effect on the industry. [108]

DO Global subsidiary ad-fraud in downloaded apps

On 20 April 2019, it was reported that a number of applications for Android devices established by the subsidiary business, DO Global (previously DU Group), were surreptitiously running profits enhancing background programs on user gadgets since a minimum of 2016. [109] These programs, part of 6 known applications established by the company, and downloaded numerous millions times, were clicking internet ads – even when the devices were idle, and unbeknownst to end users, to increase income generated by “clicks”. [109] Just one of the apps, all of which were readily available on Google Play Store, had actually been downloaded 50 million times alone and carried a user ranking of 4.5 stars by 10s of thousands. [109]

Google prohibited DO Global and more than 100 of its apps from the Google Play Store on 26 April 2019. [110] [111] DO Global was likewise banned from Google’s AdMob Network. [110] Apps from another developer, ES Global, consisting of the ES File Explorer, that were owned by DO Global were prohibited from the Play Store and the account was suspended. [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118]

Block in India

In August 2020, following the 2020 China-India skirmishes, Baidu was among a number of Chinese sites that were banned or blocked in India for nationwide security reasons. [119]

2024 head of interactions debate

In May 2024, Baidu’s former vice president and head of communications Qu Jing [zh] (Chinese: 璩静) stimulated major reactions across the Chinese social media for endorsing toxic office culture, where, according to a Douyin video, she has asked a colleague to be on a 50-day business trip during the COVID-19 pandemic. [120] The report has excited further discussions among Chinese netizens regarding Baidu’s business governance and internal culture. Qu freely said sorry after the incident and has presumably lost her job. Baidu’s stock price fell 2.17% in Hong Kong following the event. [121] [122]

Panguso.
Tencent.
Sogou.
Alibaba.
Google.
Intellectual home in individuals’s Republic of China.
Software market in China.
Comparison of web online search engine.
List of online search engine.
List of search engines by appeal.

China.

Companies.

Internet.

Technology.

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Further reading

– Lee, Melanie (19 January 2010). “NEWSMAKER-Baidu creator guidelines China’s Web with pragmatism”. Reuters.
– Udeze, Chuka (26 March 2012). “Baidu Search to be Integrated by Apple on iOS Devices”.
– Kohout, Martin (30 October 2014). “Spyware Baidu to Sony Xperia mobile phones”.